![]() We find that classes represented by these MAGs (Actinomycetia, Alpha- and Gamma- Proteobacteria, and Bacteroidota) are active in the late season, and upregulate transcripts for short-chain dehydrogenase, molybdopterin oxidoreductase, and polyketide cyclase. We use metagenome and metatranscriptome sequencing and curate 40 medium- and high-quality metagenome-assembled-genomes (MAGs). ![]() Here, we apply a genome-centric approach to identify ecologically important leaf microbiome members on replicated plots of field-grown switchgrass and miscanthus, and to quantify their activities over two growing seasons for switchgrass. Understanding the interactions between plants and microorganisms can inform microbiome management to enhance crop productivity and resilience to stress. Our findings provide valuable insights into the terpene biosynthesis in a Neotropical Myrtaceae species and their potential involvement in adaptation mechanisms. Finally, we identified amino acid residues near the catalytic center and functional areas under positive selection. Moreover, the oil profile of red guava was dominated by 1,8-cineole and linalool and yellow guava was enriched in α-pinene, coincident in proportion to TPS-b1 genes, which encode enzymes that produce cyclic monoterpenes, suggesting a lineage-specific subfamily expansion of this family. We showed different expression patterns of TPS paralogous in the two morphotypes, suggesting the existence of distinct gene regulation mechanisms and their influence on the final essential oil content in both morphotypes. We identified 32 full-length TPS in red guava (RedTPS) and 30 in yellow guava (YlwTPS). In this study, we conducted genome-wide identification, evolutionary and expression analyses of the terpene synthase gene (TPS) family in P. Psidium cattleyanum (Myrtaceae) is a fleshy fruit tree species endemics from Atlantic Forest, known for its pleasant fragrance and sweet taste, attributed to terpenoids in its leaves and fruits. Terpenoids are essential for plant growth, development, defense, and adaptation mechanisms. Our results highlight the importance of natural aerosols in degrading air quality under current warming, while also emphasizing that improved understanding of biogenic volatile organic compounds emissions due to climate change is essential for numerically assessing future air quality. Much of the inter-model spread is related to different treatment of biogenic volatile organic compounds. The two main contributors to this increase are increased abundance of dust and secondary organic aerosols via intensified West African monsoon and enhanced emissions of biogenic volatile organic compounds, respectively. Here, we show that thirteen models from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 all project an increase in global average concentrations of fine particulate matter in response to rising carbon dioxide concentrations, but the range of increase across models is wide. However, significant uncertainties remain regarding the sign and magnitude of the response to warming and the underlying mechanisms. Previous studies suggest that greenhouse gas-induced warming can lead to increased fine particulate matter concentrations and degraded air quality. The evolution of isoprene emission may have been important in allowing plants to survive the rapid temperature changes that can occur in air because of the very low heat capacity of isoprene relative to water. Researchers hypothesize that plants benefit from isoprene emission because it helps photosynthesis recover from short high-temperature episodes. ![]() Isoprene emission costs the plant significant amounts of carbon, ATP, and reducing power. Isoprene synthase activity in plants has a high pH optimum and requirement for Mg2+ that is consistent with its location inside chloroplasts. Dimethylallyl pyrophosphate made by this pathway is converted to isoprene by isoprene synthase. Isoprene emission results from de novo synthesis by the deoxyxylulose phosphate/methyl erythritol 4-phosphate pathway in plastids. This hydrocarbon flux to the atmosphere, roughly equal to the flux of methane, has a large effect on the oxidizing potential of the atmosphere. Very large amounts of isoprene are emitted from vegetation, especially from mosses, ferns, and trees. ![]()
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